Computing was a lot more challenging before 4th July 1956 because that’s when MIT revolutionised their Whirlwind Computer by introducing a keyboard!
Before that, interacting with computers was a laborious, time consuming process. Programmers would offer instructions to these mammoth machines by the manual insertion of punched cards, an operation requiring meticulous accuracy. They also changed dials and switches, physically reconfiguring the hardware to implement different instructions.
Believe it or not, punched cards were relics from the ‘Jacquard Loom’. This was an invention developed during the industrial revolution in 1801 by Joseph Marie Jacquard. Talking of revolutions, he was a Frenchman, so goodness knows what he’d say about the riots in France although he did live during the French Revolution himself so was perhaps no stranger to troubled times. His punched cards enabled weavers to independently fabricate textiles of virtually limitless size and intricacy. Interestingly, he was born on 7th July in 1752, albeit 204 years earlier than the birth of the computer keyboard.
With touch screens, voice-to-text, haptic clothing and other interfaces heading our way, what will inputs and outputs to computers be like soon? Perhaps with direct-to-brain connections (for example from Musk’s Neuralink company) we’ll just be one step closer to living in a virtual world.
